English Language FAQ

The conventions of using upper and lower case letters evolved over centuries. The terms themselves relate to printing and typesetting.

58 countries have English as an official language. Surprisingly, the list does not include either  the UK  or the USA. In the United States this was a conscious decision of the Founding Fathers . They believed that an official language would be divisive and undemocratic in a multilingual country.  Around 30% of the 18th century population of the USA was German or Dutch speaking. There were also many other linguistic minorities: 18 languages were spoken on Manhattan Island [New York City] as early as 1646. The Dutch, Flemish, Walloons, French, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, English, Scots, Irish, Germans, Poles, Bohemians, Portuguese, and Italians were among the settlement’s early inhabitants .  Vincent N. Parrillo, Diversity in America , 2008 US states where English is an official language.  Light blue is where there are two official languages (Louisiana - French & English, New Mexico - Spanish & English, Hawaii - Hawaiian & English) Extended version of this post  here  (2 minu

There are two main candidates for the shortest sentence in the English language. 

The Union Jack is technically a maritime flag, used to distinguish British ships. It is also popularly used to describe the the flag of the United Kingdom. The flag is composed of symbols of the constituent parts of the UK. The red cross at the centre is the cross of St George representing England. The blue Saltire flag is for Scotland, the red dragon Wales and the crown over the red cross is for Northern Ireland UK? So why Team GB? The Olympics brings to the surface the confusion created by the terms Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Great Britain should only really refer to the core island of Britain, not the outlying islands or Northern Ireland. It would, therefore, be more logical to have a team UK. Uncertainty is also evident in the use of flags, anthems and other national emblems. Football supporters, for example, associate God Save the Queen with the England team, despite it being the national anthem for the entire kingdom. The confusion comes from the UK unusually

FLOTUS is an acronym for ‘First Lady of the United States’.

The American political system has three centres of power. These are  the President and the two chambers in the American Congress the -  Senate  and the  House of Representatives .  'The House' - also sometimes known simply as Congress - is the bigger body because congressmen are elected at a local level while the Senate consists of two senators lected from each of the fifty US states. Though the states vary substantially in population size, each has equal representation. The intention of the founders was to ensure that the larger states did not dominate. All laws must originate in Congress. They the must pass up through the Senate and then be approved by the President. This is to ensure that legislation comes directly from local representatives, though the increasing use of presidential 'executive orders'  has been controversial in this regard. The legality of any legislation is ultimately decided by the Supreme Court. Judges are appointed for life by presidents. Their

"I am well aware that I am the 'umblest person going," said Uriah Heep, modestly .     Charles Dickens, David Copperfield

After Shakespeare, Charles Dickens has been the writer who most expanded the vocabulary we use.

58 countries have English as an official language  -   but not  the USA  or the UK.