What is the subjunctive?

on

 

The subjunctive is what grammarians call a mood rather than a tense. It describes hypothetical wishes or suggestions. 

In the famous song from Fiddler on the Roof, Topol sings

 If I were a rich man, I'd build a big, tall house...

This expresses a dream or remote ambition rather than a likely outcome.

Three grammatical moods in English

  1. The indicative mood to express facts 
  2. The imperative mood to express commands. 
  3. The subjunctive mood for wishes or suggestions.
In modern English, the subjunctive is most easily identified through specific examples rather than in fixed verb endings. 

When is the Subjunctive Used?

To express wishes and/or hypothetical situations:

  • "If I were you, I'd take the bus." 
  • "I wish I were able to..." 
  • "If it were up to me, I would..."

After verbs expressing abstract wishes:

  • "I suggest that he take the A train." 
  • "They demanded that we publish the full text ." 

In clauses introduced by "That":

  • "Our president insisted that an explanation be given." 
  • "We tried to ensure that you not be disturbed." 

In clauses introduced by "As If/As Though":

  • "It's not as if he knew the answer." 
  • "They behaved as though they were on holiday." 

In specific idioms/expressions:

  • "God bless you." 
  • "Should you need further information..."